Migraine is one of the most common health problems in the world, and its impact on children and adolescents can be especially challenging for both those affected and their families. According to statistics, a 75% of children and young people experience migraine at some point in their lives, which demonstrates the need to understand and address this problem in a comprehensive manner. In this article, we will explore the most common symptoms of childhood and adolescent migraine, as well as effective strategies for its diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
What is migraine?
Migraine is a neurological disease which can present a wide range of symptoms. Although headache is the most well-known manifestation, it can also include nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, sound and, in some cases, visual disturbances known as “aura.” Migraine often runs in families, and if one or both parents have it, the likelihood of their children developing it is significantly increased.
Migraine symptoms in children and adolescents
Early identification of migraine symptoms is essential for proper management. Common signs include:
- Sudden headache: Migraine can appear without warning and with great intensity.
- Location of pain: In children, the pain is usually located in the forehead or on both sides of the head, although it can also be unilateral.
- Vomiting and nausea: These symptoms frequently accompany migraine attacks.
- Hypersensitivity: Children may be extremely sensitive to light, sound or certain smells, which intensifies the discomfort.
- Recurring character: Migraines often recur over time, although intensity and frequency may vary.
In some cases, children experience migraine with aura, characterized by symptoms that precede the headache, such as flashes of light, spots in vision, or a tingling sensation in the body.
The age of onset and its impact
Migraine can manifest itself from the 7 u 8 years, although in rare cases it can appear even earlier. In adolescence, hormonal changes, especially in girls, can trigger more frequent or severe migraines.
Diagnosing Migraine in Children
The diagnosis of migraine is usually based on a combination of family history, symptoms, and in some cases, physical or neurological examinations. An important aspect is that in more than half of cases, there is a family history of migraine.
During the evaluation, the doctor may ask about the frequency, duration, and characteristics of the headache, as well as triggers such as certain foods, sleep changes, or stress.
Migraine triggers
Among the main causes that can cause migraines in children and adolescents include:
- Foods: Some products like the chocolate, cheese and processed foods are often associated with triggers.
- Lifestyle: El Stress, lack of sleep or an unbalanced diet can contribute significantly.
- Hormones: The hormonal changes, especially in adolescent girls, are a key factor.
- Environmental factors: Drastic changes in the weather or exposure to bright lights and loud noises can also play a role.
Management and treatment strategies
Migraine treatment depends on both the intensity and the frequency of the episodes. Some options include:
- Suitable environment: Creating a quiet, dark, and silent space can significantly alleviate symptoms.
- Analgesics: In some cases, the use of over-the-counter medications such as paracetamol may be helpful. However, a doctor should always be consulted before administering any medication.
- Prophylaxis: In severe or recurrent cases, your doctor may recommend preventive medications to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines.
It is important to emphasize that non-pharmacological treatments, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, can also play a crucial role in the management of migraine in children.
Prevention
Prevention is key to improving the quality of life of children who suffer from migraine. Some useful strategies are:
- Healthy life style: Maintaining a regular sleep routine and a balanced diet helps minimize triggers.
- Hydration: drink enough water throughout the day can prevent adverse effects.
- Stress management: Techniques such as meditation or relaxing activities may reduce the occurrence of episodes.
Migraine in children and adolescents is a condition that, while it can be debilitating, is also treatable. With proper diagnosis, preventative strategies and effective treatments, many children can lead active and healthy lives, minimizing the impact of this disease on their development and well-being.