Sometimes, perhaps due to ignorance, we confuse a simple headache with a migraine, although they are actually different conditions. The migraine It is a more severe headache, with particular characteristics that require a specific approach. If you have ever felt a headache that seemed unbearable, you may be interested in knowing what is migraine, the types that exist and the possible treatments, both medical and alternative. This article offers you a complete guide to identify it and combat its effects.
What is migraine?
La migraine is a recurrent neurological disorder that manifests as a throbbing headache of moderate to severe intensity, usually on one side of the head. It may be accompanied by a combination of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light (photophobia) and the sound (phonophobia). In some cases, patients experience a series of previous signs called auras, which may include flashes of light, blurred vision or difficulty speaking.
This disorder is not only physical, it also has a significant impact on the quality of life, affecting daily, work and social activities. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the migraine It is among the twenty most debilitating diseases.
Types of migraine
La migraine It can present itself in various ways, which makes it important to classify it in order to plan the appropriate treatment. The main types are:
- Migraine without aura: This is the most common form. The pain appears suddenly without any warning signs.
- Migraine with aura: In this case, patients experience pre-symptoms such as flashing lights or zigzag lines that warn of an impending attack.
- Chronic Migraine: It is defined as having headaches for more than 15 days a month for at least three months, of which at least 8 days have characteristics of migraine.
- Silent Migraine: Auras and other characteristic symptoms are experienced. migraine, but without the actual headache.
Migraine triggers
La migraine can be triggered by specific factors. Identifying these triggers is critical to preventing episodes. Common factors include:
- Hormonal factors: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those associated with the menstrual cycle, pregnancy or menopause, influence the appearance of migraines women.
- Feeding: Some foods such as chocolate, aged cheeses, alcohol (especially red wine) and foods with monosodium glutamate can trigger migraines.
- Stress and anxiety: Emotional tensions are one of the main factors.
- Sleep disturbances: Sleeping too much or too little can increase your risk of episodes.
- Sensory stimuli: Bright lights, loud noises and strong smells.
- Climate changes: Variations in atmospheric pressure or extreme temperatures.
Medical treatments for migraine
Although there is no definitive cure for migraine, medical treatments can relieve symptoms and reduce the frequency of episodes. Options include:
Acute treatment
- Analgesics: Medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol help relieve mild to moderate pain.
- Triptans: They are specific for the migraine and act by reducing inflammation and constricting blood vessels.
- Antiemetics: Used to control the nausea and vomiting.
Preventive treatment
- Beta blockers: Medications such as propranolol reduce the frequency of migraines.
- Antidepressants: They are used in low doses to control episodes.
- Anticonvulsants: Drugs such as topiramate are prescribed to prevent migraines recurring.
- Botox: Botulinum toxin type A injections are applied in cases of migraine chronicle.
Alternative treatments for migraine
When conventional treatments are not enough, many people turn to alternative therapies with good results:
- Acupuncture: According to traditional Chinese medicine, this method balances body energy and can reduce the frequency and intensity of migraines.
- Biofeedback: It allows the patient to learn to control bodily functions such as muscle tension and blood flow.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy: Teaches you how to better manage stress and negative emotions.
- Magnetotherapy: An innovative approach using magnetic fields to relieve pain.
Tips to prevent migraines
In addition to treatments, certain changes in the lifestyle can make a difference when it comes to preventing migraines:
- Avoid known triggers, especially certain foods and drinks.
- Establish regular sleeping and eating schedules.
- Stay hydrated and avoid prolonged stress.
- Do moderate aerobic exercise, such as walking or swimming.
- Wear a migraine diary to identify patterns.
La migraine It is not just a headache, but a complex neurological disorder that can affect the daily life of those who suffer from it. However, thanks to advances in medical treatments and therapeutic alternatives, it is possible to control it to a large extent. The key is to identify the triggers and adopt preventive measures along with an appropriate treatment for each case. If you suffer from migraines, do not hesitate to consult a specialist to receive the care you need.